Thursday, May 19, 2011

The 14th Amendment-Meg,Clare- Deborah's class


Here is are really great sites with the transcript of the 14th amendment to the U.S. constitution and other primary documents.
 

  • here is a page of the fourteenth amendment in the national archives



     The 14th Amendment not only provided citizenship for the recently freed slaves, but it gave them protection against the Black Codes that had been adopted by many of the southern states. The Black Codes effectively made the freed slaves little more than slaves, restricting their activities and rights. The amendment also gave Congress the power to enforce this legislature, which helped to empower Congress.
The 14th Amendment has made it possible for all races, colors, and creeds to be afforded the same rights of citizenship under the protection of the United States Constitution.
 
This amendment met with severe opposition in the South, but support for the amendment was enough to get the required two-thirds of the states to ratify the amendment (28 of the then-37 states ratified it). Five more of the states that originally rejected the amendment ratified the amendment by 1870.
 
Here are the sections in the 14th amendment
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.




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